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TASK 1
In this
activity, you will have to read two analytical exposition texts. Make necessary
notes of their key features. It may facilitate you in doing the other tasks.
Enjoy it.
Text 1
In Australia there are three
levels of government, the federal government, state governments and local
governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for a
number of reasons.
First, the federal government
is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after
things like defence. International affairs are also important to handle. For
example they carry out mutual collaboration with other nations in the world.
Similarly, the state
governments look after the middle sized things. For example they look after law
and order, preventing things like vadalism in schools. Crimes occurring in a
particular state need quick and instant solution. This will take long time if
they are handled by federal government.
Finally, local governments
look after the small things and daily matters. They look after things like
collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have diseases.
Thus, for the reasons above we
can conclude that the three levels of government are necessary.
Text 2.
Learning from Television
Traditionally, educators have
perceived television as not particularly beneficial to literacy development.
Concerns were fueled by findings suggesting that with the introduction of television
people spend less time reading books and reading scores decline. As our society
is striving to make adjustments to the decline in literacy skills, new ways of
learning and teaching are being explored, educators are becoming interested in
exploring the educational potential of television. Therefore, the interest in
television as an educational medium has increased for several reasons.
First, existing educational
television programs that were developed to enhance the literacy development of
both children and adults have been quite successful in achieving their intended
outcomes. This has been reported in several researches dealing with such things
such as television supported distance learning programs from the Open
University in Great Britain.
Second, because television is
a very accessible medium, it has the potential to reach learners that have not
been able to participate in traditional adult literacy programs. Television is
accessible both in terms of its technology and in terms of its content. By
1985, 99% of all US households had a least one television set. Moreover,
viewers are intimately familiar with the content of television and tend to
associate it with pleasurable experience because of its power to entertain
Finally, the development of
new visual technologies makes it possible to provide users with more control
and interactivity and thus to adapt televised instruction to the needs of a
variety of learners and learning styles.
To conclude, many teachers in
UK are recently becoming aware to benefit the potential of television programs
to support the teaching processes.
The necessary notes of their key features are the two texts have thesis,
arguments to support the thesis, and use internal and causal conjunction, and
the last paragraph has the conclusion from the writer what should or should not
be.
Task 2
Answer the
questions below to check your comprehension about the social function, text
structures, and the lexico-grammatical features of analytical exposition texts.
Questions:
|
Answers:
|
1) Where can
you probably find the first text to read?
2) Where can
you probably find the second text to read?
3) Who might
be interested in reading the first text?
4) In text 2,
which sentence is stating the writer’s position to introduce his ideas?
5) How does
the writer of text 2 arrange his ideas in the text?
6) Does the writer of text 1 use ‘the
present tenses’ to write his ideas in the text?
7) Can you
identify the internal conjunction and causal conjuntion in both texts? Write
them in your answers.
|
1. Newspaper article, magazine, academic lecturer
2. Academic lecturer, magazine
3. Politician, State official, academic people
4. As our
society is striving to make adjustments to the decline in literacy skills,
new ways of learning and teaching are being explored, educators are becoming
interested in exploring the educational potential of television.
5. The writer presents arguments or opinions that support the
main idea of the text.
6. Yes, it does
7. Text
1 : First, Similarly, Finally,
otherwise, Thus,
Text 2. : First, Second, because, moreover,
because of, Finally,
|
TASK 3 M1
LA3
Read the two
texts above once again and compare them with the other two texts below to
identify their differences and similarities. Write your answer in the box
provided below text 4.
Text 3
In all the
discussion over the removal of lead from petrol there doesn’t seem to have been
any mention of difference between driving in the city and the country.
While I realise
my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when
you travel through the country, where you only see another car every five to
ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on
city roads.
Those who want
to penalise older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don’t seem to
appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back upon
and one’s own vehicle is the only way to get about.
I feel that country people, who often have to travel
huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money
on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.
(Source: Gerot, L., & Wignell, P. (1994). Making Sense
of Functional Grammar).
Text 4
Iceberg Potential Source of Water
The supply of fresh water has not been a major problem for most countries
in the world because a rainy season is part of their yearly climatic
conditions. However, in countries where the rainfall is very sparse scientists must constantly seek
ways to increase supplies of this precious element. One among other methods
being considered is the towing of icebergs. According to this method large
icebergs from Antarctica would be wrapped in cloth or plastic, tied to powerful
tugboats by strong ropes, and towed to the countries needing fresh water. While
this plan may have some potential, there are certain practical problems that
must be solved.
The first problem is the expense.
According to estimates, it would cost between $50 and $100 million to tow a
'single 100-million-ton iceberg from Antarctica to, for example, the coast of
Saudi Arabia. This is very expensive.
The second problem is possible
risk with the iceberg. It is very possible that the Iceberg would melt en
route. No one knows if an iceberg could be effectively insulated during such a
long journey. At the very least, there is the possibility that it would break
up into smaller pieces, which would create still other problems.
The third problem is about the
environmental effects. There is the danger that a huge block of Ice floating
off an arid coast could have
unexpected environmental effects. The ice could drastically change the weather
along the coast and it would probably affect the fish population.
The last problem is the cost
efficiency. According to this, the cost of providing fresh water from icebergs
would be less than the cost of providing water by desalinization. According to
most estimates, it would cost between 50 cent and 60 cent per cubic meter to
get water from an iceberg as opposed to the 80 cent per cubic meter it costs to
get the same amount by desalinization. In conclusion, before icebergs can
become a source of fresh water in the future, problems involving cost, overall
practicality, and most importantly environmental impact must be solved.
(Adapted from Oshima and Hogue, 3rd edition, 1998).
Write your answer in
this box.
Simmilarties
|
Differences
|
1.
The four texts give
arguments that support the main idea of the text.
2.
The four text use present
tense in constructing the text
3.
The four text use relational
process to attribute the main subject
|
1.
Text 1 and text 2 use
internal conjunction and causal conjunction , but text 3 and 4 do not.
2.
1 and 2 tell the argument
not based on private opinion but they
|
Task 4
Video 1
What
analytical essay?
1.
How and Why
2.
Explain and
interpret
3.
Main Ideas
4.
Having
audience effect
5.
Present view
with evidence to support it
Video 2
How to write analytical
essay?
1.
Read the
question
2.
Identify
keywords
3.
Identify
Direction Words
4.
Brainstorm
5.
Organise
ideas
Task 5
Use your own words to develop the
two supporting ideas available in the text below.
Compulsory Attendance in College
On my first day of class in an
American university, I discovered that there are many differences between
universities in US and in my country. One difference hit me immediately when
the professor walked into the classroom dressed in casual pants and a sports
shirt. Then he sat down, and I received a second shock. He sat down on the
desk, not behind the desk. The biggest shock happened when he passed out a
piece of paper listing the requirements of the class. I learned that I was not
allowed to miss any classes! In my country, professors do not know or care if
students attend lectures, but in the United States, professors actually call
the roll at the beginning of each class meeting. In my opinion, compulsory
attendance in college is completely inappropriate for two reasons.
The
first, college students are adults, not
elementary school children.
The student has an ability to determine which of the acts he should be doing
which is not because the student has a different mindset with the child. The
student is able to determine what he needs in the course so he will not neglect
to improve his knowledge even though he is not attending the class
Students
often have other obligations such as work and family. Not infrequently we meet
there are students who have to work to help the cost of lectures and this has
become a necessity for him. So also with students who already have a family.
Sometimes the affairs involving the family are more important than attending
the class so the students tend to leave the class because they think the class
can be replaced by learning independently.
To summarize, attendance in college
classes should be optional. Students may already know the material that the
professor will cover. Sometimes the professor lectures on material that is in
the textbook, so students can read it on their own time. Therefore, in my
opinion, compulsory attendance
in college classes should be abolished.
Task
6
Choose one prohibition sign below which attracts you to
generate your ideas to write an analytical exposition text. Be sure to apply
the knowledge you have learnt.
TAKE CARE of YOUR TRASH
Trash always appears to be an
effective issue in a society with less environmental sensitivity. Indiscipline
hygiene can lead to unpleasant atmosphere due to trash. With the behavior of
littering, it will result in some problems that will disturb or damage the
environment itself.
The smallest thing that can be caused
by the littering of trash is an accident. Imagine, if we throw banana peel
trash on the road carelessly, when someone stepped on the banana peel, it is
likely he will fall. In addition, this can also damage the view from a small
scale. Despite it is only a trash, it will disturb the comfort of our
environment.
When the trash continues to accumulate
in a place, for example in the river, then one of the consequences is the
flood. Flood is one result of littering. Trash dumped in the river will cause
the shallow of the river and the obstruction of the river flow. When the rain
drops down, it is certain that the river will not be able to accommodate the water,
causing the water to overflow and flooding.
We know that cleanliness is one of the
most important aspects of life. To keep the body in order to stay healthy and
fit needed cleanliness in the environment where we live. Stacking trash can
cause various types of diseases. The presence of disease seeds in the trash
usually comes from polluted waste by human feces and livestock, or because the
insect-borne insects sector is nested in it. Trash contaminated with human
feces or livestock can be a source of infectious diseases or pathogen sources
consisting of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and worms. And of course, this is
very dangerous to human health.
With all kinds of impacts arising from
the presence of waste that is disposed of arbitrarily, there is no reason for
every human being to not keep his environment clean and comfortable by
disposing of waste in his place and living a healthy life.
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